Solar activity refers to the various phenomena that occur on the surface of the Sun, including sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections. These phenomena are driven by the Sun's magnetic field, which can cause changes in solar radiation and emissions of particles into space. Researchers study solar activity to better understand the Sun's behavior and its impact on Earth's climate, communication systems, and space weather. By monitoring and predicting solar activity, scientists can better prepare for and mitigate the potential effects on human technology and infrastructure. Additionally, studying solar activity can provide insights into the fundamental processes governing stars in general.